End-stage renal disease (ESRD) refers to the final stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) where the kidneys are functioning at less than 10-15% of their normal capacity. At this stage, the kidneys have severely impaired function and are unable to effectively filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood to maintain a healthy balance in the body.
Characteristics of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD):
- Kidney Function: The kidneys are no longer able to perform their essential functions, such as removing waste products and toxins, regulating electrolytes, and producing hormones that control blood pressure and red blood cell production.
- Symptoms: Patients with ESRD often experience symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, itching, muscle cramps, swelling in the legs and ankles (edema), and changes in urination patterns.
- Treatment Options: The main treatments for ESRD are dialysis or kidney transplantation:
- Dialysis: This process involves using a machine to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood, performing the role of the kidneys.
- Kidney Transplantation: A surgical procedure where a healthy kidney from a donor (living or deceased) is implanted into the patient's body to replace the failed kidneys.
- Management: Patients with ESRD require ongoing medical care, including regular dialysis treatments or a kidney transplant, to maintain their health and manage symptoms. They also need to adhere to dietary restrictions, medications, and lifestyle changes to optimize their condition and minimize complications.
ESRD is a serious and life-threatening condition that significantly impacts a person's quality of life. Early detection and management of CKD can help delay or prevent progression to ESRD.